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The closer the autumn, the more mushrooms appear in the forest: already in August, mushroom pickers return from the "quiet hunt" with full baskets of the so much beloved boletus, boletus and boletus boletus. August is rich in russula and waves. Those who are well versed in forest gifts collect Polish, pepper and chestnut mushrooms, milkweed, dung beetles, cobwebs and smoothies.

The wildly overgrown nature in the form of trees, shrubs, mosses gives many useful substances to mushrooms. In turn, many mushrooms contribute to the further prosperity of nature. This is their symbiosis. Although there are other examples when tinder fungus contribute to the destruction of trees and shrubs. However, scientists have determined that the initial is the process of their weakening, and only then - the growth of fungi on them. This is the law of all nature. Plants, fungi, fauna change and adapt to external conditions, and the weak and sick die quickly, often at the expense of other species.

You can find a description of the most popular types of mushrooms that grow in the Moscow region in August on this page.

White mushrooms

White mushroom, oak form (Boletus edulis, f. Quercicola).

Habitat: in the Moscow region, porcini mushrooms are apparently invisible, they grow singly and in groups in mixed forests with oak trees.

Season: from late May to early October.

The cap is 5-20 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms it is convex, cushion-shaped, then flatter, smooth or slightly wrinkled. In wet weather, the cap is slimy, in dry weather it is shiny. A distinctive feature of the species is the characteristic reticular pattern on the leg with reddish-brown shades. The color of the cap is highly variable, but more often of light tones - coffee, brown, grayish-brown, but also brown. The cap is fleshy and dense.

The leg has a distinct reticular pattern, often brownish in color. The height of the mushroom is 6-20 cm, the thickness is from 2 to 6 cm. The leg is widened or clavate in the lower part, and more intensely colored in the upper part.

The pulp is dense, white, slightly spongy at maturity, yellowish under the tubular layer. The taste is sweet and has a pleasant mushroom smell.

The hymenophore is free, notched, consists of tubes 1-2.5 cm long, white, then yellow, with small rounded pores of the tubes.

Variability: the color of the cap varies from whitish-yellowish to light brownish, the stem in the upper part may have a color from light yellow to light brown.

There are no poisonous counterparts. The size and color of the cap are similar to inedible gall mushrooms (Tylopilus felleus), in which the flesh has a pinkish tinge and a scalding bitter taste.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, canning, making soups.

Edible, 1st category.

White mushroom, pine shape (Boletus edulis, f. Pinicola).

Habitat: singly and in groups in coniferous and mixed with pine forests.

Season: from early July to mid-October.

The cap is 5-25 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms it is convex, cushion-shaped, then flatter, smooth or slightly wrinkled. In wet weather, the cap is slimy, in dry, matte. It is dark-colored: reddish-brown, reddish-brown, dark brown, sometimes with a violet tinge, in summer in dry forests it is lighter, often pink along the edge, in young mushrooms to whitish. It is often pink or lighter at the edges. There are light streaks on the hat. The skin is not removable.

The leg is of medium length, 5-8 cm high, 1.54 cm thick, strongly thickened in the lower part. A distinctive feature of the species is the pattern on the leg - with streaks or stripes, light brown in color, in the upper part the color is more intense.

Pulp. The second distinctive feature is the brownish-red color of the flesh under the skin in mature mushrooms. Has no taste, but has a pleasant mushroom smell.The flesh is not as firm as in other forms of porcini mushroom.

The hymenophore is free, notched, consists of tubes 1-2.5 cm long, white, then yellow, with small rounded pores of the tubes.

Variability: the color of the cap varies from dark brown with an olive tint to light brownish.

There are no poisonous counterparts. Similar are the inedible bile mushrooms (Tylopilus felleus), which have a pinkish flesh, an unpleasant odor and a very bitter taste.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, canning, making soups.

Edible, 1st category.

Boletus

Smoky boletus (Leccinum palustre).

Habitat: moist deciduous and mixed forests, growing in groups.

Season: July - September.

Fleshy cap 3-8 cm in diameter. The shape of the cap is hemispherical, then cushion-shaped, smooth. The surface of the cap is slightly fibrous, dry, mucous in wet weather. A distinctive feature of the species is the gray-brown color of the cap in young specimens, and later in the smoky gray.

Leg 6-12 cm, 7-18 mm thick, cylindrical. In young mushrooms, the leg is solid and strong, and in mature mushrooms it is fibrous, slightly thickened at the bottom. The second distinctive feature of the species is the color of the scales on the stem - not black, like most boletus, but light gray.

The pulp is at first dense, later loose, acquires greenish-blue spots on the cut, has a pleasant weak mushroom smell.

Variability: the color of the cap varies from gray-brown to gray. As the mushroom matures, the skin of the cap may shrink, exposing the surrounding tubules.

There are no poisonous counterparts.

Similar edible species. Smoky boletus in shape, and sometimes in color, is similar to black boletus (Leccinum scabrum, f. Oxydabile), which differs not in light, but in black scales on the leg.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, canning, frying.

Edible, 2nd category.

Boletus varicolor (Leccinum varicolor).

Habitat: birch and mixed forests, singly or in groups.

Season: from late June to late October.

Fleshy hat 5-15 cm in diameter. The shape of the cap is hemispherical, then cushion-shaped, smooth with a slightly fibrous surface. A distinctive feature of the species is light and dark spots on a dirty brown or reddish brown cap. Often the skin hangs over the edge of the cap.

Stem 7-20 cm, thin and long, cylindrical, slightly thickened downwards. Young mushrooms have a slightly thickened bottom. The leg is white with scales, which are almost black in mature mushrooms. Closer to the base of the cap, there are fewer scales and their color is lighter with a pale blue or greenish tint. The tissue of the leg in older specimens becomes fibrous and tough. Thickness - 1.5-3 cm.

The pulp is dense, whitish or loose, slightly watery. On the cut, the color slightly changes to a pink-turquoise color with a good smell and taste.

The tubules and pores are white to cream in color and darken with age.

Variability: the color of the cap varies from light brown to dark brown to gray. The color of the spots is highly variable: from whitish to almost black. As the mushroom matures, the skin of the cap may shrink, exposing the surrounding tubules. The scales on the peduncle are first gray, then almost black.

There are no poisonous counterparts. Bile mushrooms (Tylopilus felleus) are a bit similar, they have a flesh with a pinkish tinge, they have an unpleasant odor and a very bitter taste.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, canning, frying.

Edible, 2nd category.

Black boletus (Leccinum scabrum, f. Oxydabile).

Habitat: moist birch and mixed forests, growing singly or in groups.

Season: July - September.

Fleshy cap 5-10 cm in diameter. The shape of the cap is hemispherical, then cushion-shaped, smooth. The surface of the cap is slightly fibrous, dry, mucous in wet weather. A distinctive feature of the species is black, black-brown, gray-brown color. There is an indistinct spotted pattern on the cap.

The stem is 6-12 cm, thin and long, cylindrical. Young mushrooms have a slightly thickened bottom. The leg is white with black-brown small scales, which are almost black in mature mushrooms, and white at the base. The tissue of the leg in older specimens becomes fibrous and tough. Thickness - 1-2.5 cm.

The flesh is firm, does not change color in the cut, the underpants are gray. The flesh is dazzling white, but darkens at the cut.

The tubules are brownish-grayish, 1.5-3 cm, with denticles.

Variability: the color of the cap varies from gray-brown to black. As the mushroom matures, the skin of the cap may shrink, exposing the surrounding tubules. The scales on the peduncle are first gray, then almost black.

There are no poisonous counterparts.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, canning, frying.

Edible, 2nd category.

Butterlets

Butterlets, unlike boletus, do not like dense forests, but most often grow on illuminated slopes or in bright glades near the forest belt.

There are a lot of boils in August, but not every year. The peak of collection is observed in two to three years.

Medicinal properties:

• has antibiotic activity;
• contains a special resinous substance that relieves acute headaches (chronic arachnoiditis) and alleviates the condition of patients suffering from gout, accelerates the excretion of uric acid.

Common butter dish (Suillus luteus).

Habitat: young pine stands and mixed forests, along the edges of forest clearings, on the edges, along forest roads.

Season: May - early November

The hat is 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 13 cm, hemispherical, then rounded-convex and then flat, smooth. Color - brown, dark brown, chocolate brown, less often yellow-brown and brownish-olive. In wet weather, the cap is covered with mucus, in dry weather it is shiny, silky. In young mushrooms, the edges of the cap are connected to the stem by a dense film, which breaks as it grows and forms a ring around the stem. The skin is easily removable.

Leg 3-10 cm high, 1-2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, whitish or slightly yellowish, later brownish above the ring. The ring is first white, then brown or dirty purple.

The pulp is soft, white, light yellow, does not change color at the break, with a weak smell and taste.

The hymenophore is adherent, consists of yellow tubules 0.6-1.4 cm long. The pores of the tubules are small, rounded, whitish at first, then yellow. Spore powder, rusty yellow.

Similar species. The common oiler is similar to the edible granular oiler (Suillus granulatus), which has a similar color range of the cap and stem, but does not have a ring on the stem, and it has a graininess.

There are no poisonous counterparts. Bile mushrooms (Tylopilus felleus) are a bit similar, with a pinkish tinge of flesh, a brown cap, they are very bitter.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, cooking, salting.

Edible, 2nd category.

Granular butter dish (Suillus granulatus).

Habitat: grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, especially under pine trees.

Season: July - September.

The hat is 3-9 cm in diameter, fleshy and elastic, sticky, shiny rusty brown or yellow-orange. The shape of the cap is at first hemispherical and conical, then convex and then almost prostrate and even with upward curved edges. The skin is smooth and easily detached from the cap.

The leg is dense, cylindrical, slightly curved, yellowish-whitish, mealy-granular, or light reddish-brown, 4-7 cm tall, 0.8-2 cm thick, with yellow spots on the surface. In the upper part, the view is fine-grained.

The pulp is tender, soft, does not change color at the break, light yellow in color with a nutty smell, sweetish taste.

The tubules are adherent, short 0.3-1.2 cm, light yellow or light brown in color. The pores are small, with sharp edges, emit droplets of milky juice, which, when dry, forms a kind of brownish bloom.

Spores are light brown.

Variability. The color of the cap varies from ocher and cream-yellow to yellowish-brown and rusty-brown. Stem color - from light yellow to light brown.The granular surface of the leg is first creamy yellow, then brownish. The pores are pale yellow at first, then yellowish. The tubules can be yellowish and greenish.

There are no poisonous counterparts. Bile mushrooms (Tylopilus felleus) are a bit similar, with a pinkish tinge of flesh and a brown cap, they are very bitter.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, cooking, salting.

Edible, 2nd category.

Reddish red oiler (Suillus tridentinus).

Habitat: coniferous forests, found singly and in groups. The reddish-red oiler is included in the regional Red Data Books of the central regions of Russia. Status - 4I (type with undefined status). More common in Western Siberia.

Season: end of May - beginning of November.

A hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm, can be found up to 15 cm. A distinctive feature of the species is a yellowish-orange hat with a convex pillow-like shape. Mature mushrooms are almost flat, reddish-red. The surface is covered with dense, fibrous scales of orange-red color, and it looks like cracked with a light mesh. Remnants of a white bedspread are found along the edges.

Leg 4-10 cm, yellowish-orange, may taper slightly above and below. There may be a ring at the top of the leg, but it may not be visible. The thickness of the leg is 1-2.5 cm. The color of the leg is the same as that of the cap, or slightly lighter.

The pulp is dense, lemon-yellow or yellowish, with a weak mushroom smell, turns red at the break.

Spores are olive yellow. The hymenophore is adherent, descending, consists of tubes 0.81.2 cm long, yellowish.

Variability. The color of the cap during the growth of the fungus changes from light orange to reddish-red and even brownish-red.

There are no poisonous counterparts.

Bile mushrooms (Tylopilus felleus) are a bit similar, with a pinkish tinge of flesh, a brown cap, they are very bitter.

Cooking methods: drying, pickling, cooking, salting.

Edible, 2nd category.

Russula

Many species of russula grow in August. Among them there are medicinal russules, such as marsh russules, growing in humid places.

Marsh russula possesses antibiotic properties against pathogens of various diseases - staphylococci and against harmful bacteria - pullularia. Tinctures based on these mushrooms have antibacterial properties and are able to suppress the reproduction of staphylococci.

Marsh russula (Russula paludosa).

Habitat: in damp coniferous or mixed forests, in swamps.

Season: June - October.

The hat has a diameter of 4-12 cm, sometimes up to 18 cm. The shape is first convex hemispherical, later flat-depressed reddish color. A distinctive feature of the species is a slightly depressed pinkish-reddish cap with yellow-brown spots in the center of the cap. The surface is sticky in wet weather. The skin is smooth, shiny, sometimes covered with small cracks.

Leg: 4-12 cm long, 7-22 mm thick. The shape of the leg is cylindrical or slightly clavate, white with a slightly shiny pinkish tinge. In old mushrooms, the leg becomes grayish.

The plates are frequent, wide, with slightly serrated and reddish edges. The color of the plates is first white, then creamy yellow, light gold. The plates at the leg are bifurcated.

The pulp is dense, white, fragile, sweetish in taste. Only in young mushrooms the plates are slightly pungent.

Spores are light buffy. The spore powder is pale yellow.

Variability. In young mushrooms, the edges of the cap are smooth, with age they become ribbed. The cap color can be orange-red and fade with age. The leg is completely white at first, and becomes pinkish with age.

Similarity with other species. The marsh russula can be confused with the burning emetic (Russula emitica), which have a white stem and a sharp peppery taste, a burning red cap and no other color in the center.

Cooking methods: pickling, cooking, salting, frying.

Edible, 3rd category.

Brown russula (Russula xerampelina).

In August, in many humid places, brown russules appear with a pungent spicy taste.

Habitat: in moist pine, oak and mixed forests, on sandy soils.

Season: July - early November.

The hat has a diameter of 4-12 cm, dark red or brownish-purple in color. The shape of the cap is first convex, then prostrate or flat-depressed. There is a darker depressed or concave area in the center of the cap. The edges become striped-ribbed over time. The surface of the cap is at first slightly slimy, then dry, matte. The skin peels off easily.

The leg is 4-12 cm in diameter and 1-3 cm thick, even, cylindrical, at first white, then acquires a reddish-pink tint, may have pinkish-purple spots. The base of the pedicle is often thickened. The leg is almost hollow.

The pulp is dense, fragile, white or creamy, with age it becomes yellowish-brown or brownish, turns brown at the break, which is a distinctive feature of the species. The taste of the pulp is pleasant, sweetish nutty. The smell, on the contrary, is unpleasant, like a herring.

The plates are adherent or loose, frequent, creamy white, then yellowish-buffy, turning brown when pressed, 7-12 mm, fragile, rounded at the edge. Spores are buffy, spore powder is pale buffy.

Variability. The color of the cap can vary from purple-red to brown-red, olive, sometimes with a greenish or purple tint.

Similarity with other species. Brown russula is similar to the edible honey russula (Russula meliolens Quel), in which the cap is red or reddish-brown and there is no darker area in the center of the cap.

Cooking methods: pickling, cooking, salting, frying.

Edible, 3rd category.

Brown russula, reddish form (Russula xerampelina, f. Erythropes)

Habitat: in moist pine, oak and mixed forests, on sandy soils.

Season: July - early November.

The hat has a diameter of 4-10 cm, dark red or brownish red. The shape of the cap is first convex, then prostrate or flat-depressed. There is a small depressed area in the center of the cap. The edges become striped-ribbed over time. The surface of the cap is at first slightly slimy, then dry, matte. The skin peels off easily.

The leg is 4-12 cm high and 7-20 mm thick, flat, cylindrical. A distinctive feature of the species is the pink-red color of the leg. The base of the pedicle is often thickened. The leg is almost hollow.

The pulp is dense, fragile, white or creamy, with age it becomes yellowish-brown or brownish, turns brown at the break, which is a distinctive feature of the species. The taste of the pulp is pleasant, sweetish-nutty. The smell, on the contrary, is unpleasant, like a herring.

The plates are adherent or loose, frequent, creamy white with pinkish spots, turning brown when pressed, 7-12 mm, fragile, rounded at the edge. Spores are buffy, spore powder is pale buffy.

Variability. The color of the cap can vary from purplish red to brownish red.

Similarity with other species. This species is similar to the edible honey russula (Russula meliolens Quel), which has a red or reddish-brown cap and does not have a darker area in the center of the cap.

Cooking methods: pickling, cooking, salting, frying.

Edible, 3rd category.

For some reason, among the majority of the country's population there is an opinion about the edibility of all russula. In fact, this is not the case. In foreign literature, about half of russula are inedible, in Russian reference literature about 20% of russula are inedible, for example, pungent russula, Myra and Valuiform are inedible, and wavy and reddened ones are conditionally edible. We focus on this, since there are cases when even tourism instructors allow students or schoolchildren to lightly fry russula over the fire and eat them all indiscriminately. They understand the word "russula" by its direct meaning. The unfortunate results of this indiscriminate use of russula are known. Most of the bright red russula in Europe are considered inedible. This does not mean that other russula species grow there. They are the same.This means that in Europe they are more attentive to the properties of long-term harmful accumulation of properties from the use of these mushrooms. In addition, they are reinsured against similar bright red inedible and even poisonous russula. We trust our Russian sanitary regulations. They have changed. Now the Federal Sanitary Rules, Norms and Hygienic Standards SP 2.3.4.009-93 are in force. Sanitary rules for the procurement, processing and sale of mushrooms. "

Valuiform russula (Russula farnipes).

Habitat: deciduous and beech forests grow on acidic soil. A rare species listed in the regional Red Data Books, status - 3R (rare species).

Season: June - September.

The hat is 4-9 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 12 cm, smooth, at a young age dense, sticky, then dry, thin fleshy. Cap color: ocher-orange, ocher-yellowish, brownish-yellowish or dull yellow. The center of the cap is slightly depressed and has a darker coloration with a light olive color. The shape of the cap is first convex, then close to flat or concave-spread. The edge of the cap is at first even, but with age it becomes wavy, often with a torn ribbed edge. The skin is removed.

The leg is thick, 4-8 cm high, 8-20 mm in diameter, sometimes eccentric, has exactly the same color as the cap. The leg is narrowed downwards, and above it is mealy, powdered.

The pulp is dense, whitish, elastic, pungent, yellowish under the skin, with a pleasant mushroom smell and a very pungent pungent taste.

The plates are white, creamy when dry. They are frequent and forked, narrowly adherent. With age, the plates become dirty creamy and give off drops. Disputes are whitish.

Variability. The cap is whitish-yellowish at first, and the leg is almost white. Later, the cap becomes straw-yellowish with light olive, sometimes with a brownish-yellowish center.

Similarity with other species. Similar in color is the light yellow russula (Russula clavoflava), which has a uniform cap, no central darkening, and is thick-fleshed, frequent, light yellow plates, white or grayish stem.

Edible conditionally because of the pungent pungent taste.

Belenovsky's russula (Russula Velenovskyi).

Habitat: well-warmed places in mixed and coniferous forests.

Season: June - September.

The cap is 4-8 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 12 cm. A distinctive feature of the species is a convex, uneven, small-knobby hemispherical cap of an egg-reddish color. The center of the cap is flattened, sometimes slightly depressed and has a darker shade.

The stem is cylindrical or slightly conical with a downward extension, 4-10 cm high, 8-20 mm in diameter. In young mushrooms, the leg is white, in mature mushrooms it is pinkish.

The pulp is dense, whitish, elastic, with a pleasant mushroom smell.

Plates. The second distinctive feature of the species is the very frequent plates, which are white in young mushrooms and slightly pinkish in mature ones.

Variability. The color of the cap varies from egg to orange-reddish.

Similarity with other species. Velenovsky's russula should be distinguished from the poisonous, pungent russula (Russula emitica), which in young specimens has a similar shape, but differs in the bright blood-red color of the cap.

Edible, 3rd category.

Russula undulate.

Habitat: mixed forests, grow in groups on acidic soil, especially often under oak trees.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 4-9 cm in diameter, initially convex, later extended with a depressed center, or flat. The color of the cap is pink-brown or brownish-purple. In the center of the cap there is a darker brownish shade or yellowish-brown spots. A distinctive feature of the species is wavy edges. In addition, there are cracks at the edges. The surface is smooth and dry.

The leg is 4-8 cm high, thick, 8-25 mm in diameter, short, eventually becomes clavate. The color of the leg is at first white, later cream.

The pulp is white or gray with a pungent pungent taste. Spores are white.

The plates are white, narrowly accreted, then cream.

Variability. The color of the cap is variable: reddish, pinkish, rusty brown, brownish with a purple tint.

Similarity with other species. Similar is Turkish russula (Russula turci), which may have a similar brownish-violet color, but is distinguished by smooth edges, a shiny surface of the cap, and the presence of a fruity odor of the plates.

Edibility: mushrooms can be eaten after boiling twice with a water change to soften the pungent taste. Used for the preparation of hot spices.

Edible conditionally because of the pungent, pungent taste.

Maiden russula (Russula puellaris).

Habitat: conifers, less often in deciduous forests, grow in groups and singly.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 3-7 cm in diameter, initially convex, later convex-prostrate and slightly depressed with a thin ribbed edge. Cap color: brownish gray, reddish brown, reddish brick and yellowish gray. A distinctive feature of the species is a dark brown or later almost black color in the center. The skin is shiny, slightly sticky. The cap becomes ocher yellow with age and with pressure.

The leg is 3-6 cm high and 0.5-1.5 cm thick, dense cylindrical, slightly widened towards the base, at first solid with a spongy center, later hollow, brittle. The color of the legs of young mushrooms is almost white, later yellowish.

The pulp is thin, friable, brittle, whitish, yellowish without a special smell, it becomes ocher-yellow in the cut.

Plates: thin, adherent or almost free, first white, then yellow, ocher-yellow, cream. Light brown spore powder.

Variability. The caps on the edges can change color from brick red to yellowish, and in the middle from brown to black.

Similarity with other species. The girl's russula looks a bit like an edible russulabrittle (Russula fragilis), which does not have such a contrast in the colors of the middle of the cap and the edges, but has a smooth transition.

Cooking methods: fried, pickled, salted.

Edible, 3rd category.

Pungent russula (Russula emitica).

Habitat: in deciduous and coniferous forests and swamps.

Season: July - October.

The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, initially convex, hemispherical, later prostrate and flat, slightly depressed in the middle. The surface of young mushrooms is sticky, then it becomes shiny and smooth with a blunt ribbed edge. A distinctive feature of the species is the bright blood red, red or purple color of the cap. The skin is easily separated from the pulp of the cap.

Stem 4-7 cm high, 8-20 mm thick, cylindrical in young specimens and clavate in old ones, with a bloom. The leg is white, brittle, pinkish in places.

The pulp is white, pinkish under the skin, dense, later loose. The second distinguishing feature of the species is the very pungent taste of the pulp when it stings the tongue, although it has a faint pleasant fruity odor.

The plates are of medium frequency, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, white, narrowly adherent or free, of the same length. Over time, the plates become yellowish or light cream. Spore powder is white.

Variability. The color of the cap can change color from blood red to brownish purple.

Similarity with other species. There are several types of reddish russula: marsh (Russula paludosa), beautiful (Russula pulchella), food (Russul vesca). The pungent russula can be clearly identified and distinguished by its brightest red color and pungent pungent taste.

In foreign literature, it belongs to poisonous species, in some domestic literature - to conditionally edible.

Inedible due to a pungent, pungent taste.

Russula golden yellow (Russula lutea).

Habitat: deciduous and mixed forests. Golden-yellow russula are rare species and are listed in the regional Red Data Books.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 2-7 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 10 cm, at first hemispherical, convex, later convex-prostrate or flat, fleshy, slightly depressed with smooth edges.A distinctive feature of the species is the presence of a tubercle in young specimens, a flat-concave shape in mature mushrooms of golden yellow or orange-yellow color. The surface is matt, dry.

The leg is 4-8 cm high, 6-15 mm thick, cylindrical, widening at the base, even, at first dense, smooth, white, then hollow and pinkish.

The pulp is dense, white, at the break, the color does not change, without a pronounced smell and taste.

Plates of medium frequency, weakly adherent, at first white, later orange-ocher.

Variability. The color of the cap can vary from yellow-brown to bright orange-yellow.

Similarity to other edible species.The golden yellow russula can be confused with the golden russula (Russula aurata), which has ribbed edges and a round hemispherical shape in young specimens.

The difference from the bright yellow poisonous fly agaric (Amanita gemmata) with a similar cap color is that the fly agaric has a wide ring on the leg and a volva at the base.

Cooking methods: pickling, frying, salting.

Edible, 3rd category.

Russula golden (Russula aurata).

Habitat: deciduous, mainly oak and mixed forests. The russula golden is a rare species and is listed in the regional Red Data Books, the status is 3R.

Season: July - October.

The cap is 5-9 cm in diameter, at first hemispherical, convex, later convex-prostrate or flat, fleshy, depressed, with smooth or slightly ribbed edges. At the edges, the cap is lighter. A distinctive feature of the species is the yellow-orange or yellow-red color of the cap.

The leg is 5-9 cm high, 7-18 mm thick, cylindrical, even or slightly curved, at first dense, smooth, shiny, first white, then pale yellow or bright yellow.

The pulp is cotton-like white, orange-yellow under the skin.

The plates are rare, adherent, cream-colored with a yellow edge.

Variability. Over time, the color of the cap changes from light orange to yellow-red.

Similarity to other edible species. The golden russula can be confused with the ocher yellow russula (Russala claroflava), which is inedible and has an ocher yellow cap with a greenish tint.

The difference from the poisonous toadstool (Amanita phallioides) with an olive-colored cap is the presence of a ring on the leg and a swollen volva at the base of the pale toadstool.

Cooking methods: frying, pickling, salting.

Edible, 3rd category.

Red russula false (Russula fuscorubroides).

Habitat: spruce and pine forests, found in groups or singly.

Season: July - October.

The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 14 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex and outstretched, slightly depressed in the middle. The surface is at first sticky, later dry, velvety, without shine, often with cracked edges. A distinctive feature of the species is lilac-purple or brownish-brown color. The edges may be grooved.

The leg is 4-9 cm high and 7-15 mm thick, cylindrical, white, slightly tapering upwards. The second distinguishing feature of the species is the purple color of the stem with rusty-red grooves.

The pulp is whitish-wine in color with a fruity odor and a bitter taste.

The plates are frequent, narrow, adherent, arcuate, ocher-white.

Variability. The color of the cap seems to fade over time, fades and, in addition to reddish shades, shades of yellow appear more and more.

Similarity to other edible species.The blushing russula can be confused with the ocher yellow russula (Russala claroflava), which is also inedible and has an ocher yellow cap with a greenish tinge.

Conditionally edible due to their bitter and slightly pungent taste. Used to prepare hot spices. The pungent taste softens after boiling in 2-3 waters.

Azure russula, or blue (Russula azurea).

Habitat: spruce and pine forests, found in groups or singly. A rare species listed in the regional Red Data Books, status - 3R.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 4–8 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 10 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex and outstretched, slightly depressed in the middle. A distinctive feature of the species is the uneven spotted bluish coloration of the cap.

The leg is 4–9 cm high and 7–15 mm thick, cylindrical, white.

The pulp is whitish without any special taste or smell. The plates are frequent, narrow, adherent, arcuate, first white, later buffy-white.

Variability. The color of the cap is uneven and has spots of blue and purple hues.

Similarity to other edible species. The azure russula looks like a good edible blue-yellow russula (Russula cyanoxantha), which is blue-yellow or lilac in color.

Similarity with poisonous species. There are similarities with the green form of the pale toadstool (Amanita phalloides, f. Gummosa), which has a large ring on the leg and a volva at the base.

Edible, 3rd category.

Russula kidney (Russula alutacea).

Habitat: oak and deciduous mixed forests, less often in coniferous forests, grow singly, but more often in small groups.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 15 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex and outstretched, slightly depressed in the middle. The hat is at first sticky, later matte. A distinctive feature of the species is a pink-red cap with a yellow-brown center and a finely knobby edge.

Leg 4-8 cm high and 7-25 mm thick, cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the base, dense, fleshy.

The pulp is dense, yellowish under the skin, at first white, then reddish. The pulp has a pleasant fruity aroma and a pleasant nutty flavor.

The plates are of medium frequency, whitish or creamy, later yellowish-pink.

Variability. The color of the cap can vary from pink-red to bright red with a yellowish-olive center.

Similarity to other edible species. The russula is similar to the pink russula (Russula rosea), which is distinguished by an even pinkish-red color of the cap.

Similarity with poisonous species. There is a resemblance to the bright yellow fly agaric (Amanita gemmata), which is distinguished by the presence of a wide ring on the leg and a Volvo at the base.

Edible, 3rd category.

Purple russula (Russula lilaceae).

Habitat: mixed forests, rare species.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, at first hemispherical, later convex and prostrate, depressed in the middle. The surface is at first sticky, later dry, slightly shiny. A distinctive feature of the species is the lilac-pink color of the cap with a lighter center.

Stem 4-7 cm high and 7-20 mm thick, white, cylindrical or slightly clavate.

The pulp is white.

The plates are very frequent, colors. Spores are white.

Variability. The color of the cap can vary from lilac-pink to lilac-brown.

Similarities with other species: russula lilac in color looks like inedible pungent russula (Russula emitica), which is distinguished by light cream plates and a pinkish stem.

Edible, 4th category.

Russula Mairei.

Habitat: mixed and coniferous forests, grows both in groups and singly.

Season: July - September

The cap is 3-7 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 12 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex and outstretched, depressed in the middle. The surface is matt, dry, becomes sticky in wet weather. A distinctive feature of the species is its bright scarlet color. The center of the cap has a darker shade.

Leg 3-8 cm high and 0.7-1.5 cm thick, smooth, white, first widened at the base, later cylindrical, turns yellow with age or has a pinkish-red tint

The pulp is dense, brittle, white. The second distinctive feature of the species is the smell of honey or coconuts in the pulp. With age, the smell becomes sweetish.

The plates are thick, white, with a slight gray-green tinge.

Variability. With age, the main bright scarlet color seems to fade and a pinkish tint appears for the entire surface and brownish in the middle.

Similarity to other edible species.

Mayra's russula can be confused with the edible marsh russula (Russula paludosa), in which the cap is orange-red with a yellowish center, the stem is white with a pinkish tinge and has a pleasant taste and is almost odorless.

Poisonous due to its strongly bitter and pungent taste. Mushrooms, when boiled once, cause nausea.

Olive russula (Russula olivaceae).

Habitat: mixed and coniferous forests, grows both in groups and singly.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 15 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex and prostrate, depressed in the middle. The surface is matt, dry, becomes sticky in wet weather. A distinctive feature of the species is an olive-pink or olive-brown cap with a darker center. The edges of the cap have ribbed edges and are lighter in color.

The leg is 4-8 cm high and 7-20 mm thick, smooth, white, at first club-shaped and dense in shape, later cylindrical, slightly yellowing with age.

The pulp is dense, fleshy, at first white, later yellowish, turns brown on the cut, without a special smell.

Variability. The color of the cap varies from olive-pink to olive-brownish.

The plates are frequent, fragile, adherent with a tooth, at first white, later yellowish.

Similarity with other species. Olive russula is similar to the buffy-yellow russula, conventionally edible with a peppery taste (Russula ochroleuca), in which the cap is ocher-yellow.

The difference from the bright yellow poisonous fly agaric (Amanita gemmata), similar in shade, is that the fly agaric has a wide ring on its leg, and a whitish volva at the base.

Cooking methods: make soups, stew, fry, salt.

Edible, 3rd category.

Purplish brown russula (Russula badia).

Habitat: waterlogged coniferous and deciduous forests, grow in groups or singly.

Season: July - September.

The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 12 cm, at first hemispherical, later slightly convex with drooping edges, with a wavy, sometimes jagged edge. The surface is slightly sticky in wet weather, dry in other weather. A distinctive feature of the species is the purple-brown color of the cap. The central area of ​​the cap has a darker burgundy shade.

Stem 4-10 cm high and 8-20 mm thick, cylindrical, dense, slightly widened towards the base.

The pulp is white, with a pleasant soft, non-spicy taste.

The plates in young specimens are white, later with a yellowish-pinkish tinge. Spore powder, cream.

Variability. The color of the cap is variable: from purple-brown to burgundy.

Similarity with other species. The purple-brown russula can be confused with the inedible pungent-pungent russula (Russula emitica), which has a red, pink-red or purple cap on the entire area, the leg is pinkish in places, the flesh is white, pinkish under the skin with a very pungent taste.

Usage methods: pickling, salting, frying

Edible, 4th category.

Blue-yellow russula (Russula cyanoxantha).

Habitat: pine, birch and mixed forests, in groups or singly.

Season: June - October.

The hat is 5-15 cm in diameter, first convex, hemispherical, then prostrate, almost flat with a concave center, firm and thick. A distinctive feature of the species is the main blue-yellow, blue-green, lilac color. In young specimens, the skin is sticky, in old specimens it is dry, often wrinkled, radially fibrous with a thin ribbed edge. The peel is removed on most of the cap.

Leg 5-11 cm high, 1-3 cm thick, cylindrical, white, with reddish spots, dense at first, later hollow, smooth, white.

The pulp is white, purple-reddish under the skin, strong, cotton-like in the stem, with a mild mushroom taste, without a special smell.

The plates are 0.5-1 cm wide, frequent, adherent, flexible, sometimes forked-branched, silky, white or creamy white. Spore powder is white.

Variability. This species is characterized by a strong variety of colors and color zones.The hat is enriched over time with tones of purple, gray, brown, along with the main blue-yellow and blue-green.

Similarity with other species. The blue-yellow russula can be confused with the russula brittle (Russula fragilis), in which the cap is brown-lilac, purple-red, the stem is club-shaped, the plates are white-cream, the pulp is brittle, with a pungent and bitter taste.

Cooking methods: this type is one of the most delicious among russula, they are pickled, salted, fried, put in soups.

Edible, 3rd category.

Turkish russula (Russula turci).

Habitat: pine, spruce and mixed forests, grow in groups or singly.

Season: July - October.

A hat with a diameter of 5-15 cm, first convex, hemispherical, then prostrate, almost flat with a concave middle. In wet weather, the surface is sticky, in other weather it is dry and felt. A distinctive feature of the species is a wine-red or brown-rusty color. In the middle, the cap has dark shades of brown and black.

The leg is 5-12 cm long, 1-2.5 cm thick, it is white, clavate, and has the smell of iodoform at the base.

The pulp is brittle, white.

The plates are rare, adherent, at first white, and as they ripen, they are buffy with a fruity odor.

Variability. The color of the cap varies from brown or wine-brown to dirty brick or reddish brown.

Similarity to other edible species.Turkish russula can be confused with food russula (Russula vesca), in which the cap is lighter: light wine-brown with a brown tint, the leg is whitish with rusty specks, and the pulp is almost odorless.

Cooking methods: pickling, salting, frying.

Edible, 4th category.

Volnushki

Volnushki, just like other milkmen, are first soaked, and then they make blanks. With good brine and spices, delicious and crunchy mushrooms are obtained.

White bush (Lactarius pubescens).

Habitat: deciduous and mixed forests, in meadows, near country roads, grow in groups or singly.

Season: July - September.

A hat with a diameter of 3-7 cm, initially convex, later extended, flat, concave in the middle. A distinctive feature of the species is a fluffy edge strongly curled downwards, a fluffy-silky surface and a white or white-cream cap color, pinkish-fawn in the middle. There are no concentric circles, or they are very poorly visible.

Leg 3-6 cm high, 7-20 mm thick, cylindrical, fine-pubescent, white or light pinkish.

The pulp is white, pinkish under the skin. Milky juice is white, acrid, does not change color in air.

The plates are adherent or weakly descending along the stem, frequent, narrow, light-fawn, white or creamy-pinkish. Spore powder, cream.

Variability. The color of the cap can vary from white to gray or cream.

Cooking methods: salting after pre-treatment by boiling or soaking.

Edible, 4th category.

Pink wave (Lactarius torminosus).

Habitat: pine and mixed forests with a predominance of pine, growing in young plantings in groups.

Season: September - November.

A hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm, sometimes up to 15 cm, at first convex, stretched out with age. Slightly concave in the middle. A distinctive feature of the species is the woolly fibrous surface and strongly curved fluffy edges, as well as the reddish-pink color of the cap with clearly expressed concentric zones in color.

The leg is 4-8 cm high, 0.7-2 cm thick, cylindrical, at first solid and finely pubescent, later hollow and olive-brownish, in young mushrooms with a mucous ring, which then disappears, even or narrowed downwards.

The flesh is white, sometimes yellowish, friable, pinkish at the cap, darker at the stem. At a break, the color does not change, with a slightly resinous odor. Milky juice is abundant, white, does not change color, burning, acrid.

Plates 0.3-0.4 cm, arcuate, descending or accrete, thick, sparse, waxy, yellowish or light yellow. Spore powder is white.

Similar species. The pink wolf is similar to the delicacy camelina (Lactarius deliciosus), which has a similar color - yellow-orange with a greenish tint, but there is no such hairiness and silkiness of the surface. In addition, in camelina, the flesh on the cut turns greenish.

Cooking methods: salting after pre-treatment by boiling or soaking.

Edible, 4th category.

What other mushrooms grow in August

Spurge

Brightly colored milkweed, just like other milkmen, are first soaked, and then they make blanks. With good brine and spices, delicious and crunchy mushrooms are obtained.

Euphorbia or milkweed (Lactarius volemus).

Habitat: mixed and deciduous forests, grow in groups or singly.

Season: August - October.

The cap has a diameter of 4-12 cm, sometimes up to 20 cm, at first it is convex with the edges bent down and a small depression in the center, later prostrate with a depressed middle, fleshy, covered with a fine hairy coating, smooth, but sometimes cracked. A distinctive feature of the species is a bright orange-brown, red-brown, reddish-brown color of the cap and legs and yellowish plates. The edges are curved downward and lighter.

The leg is 4-12 cm high, 1-3 cm thick, lighter than the cap, cylindrical, even, dense, one-color with a cap, with age the leg becomes hollow. In the upper part, the leg is lighter.

The pulp is white, dense, turns brown at the break. The second distinctive feature of the species is the abundant white milky sap, which turns brown in the air. The taste is pleasant, has the smell of crabs or herring, old mushrooms have an unpleasant taste and smell.

The plates are 0.4-0.7 cm wide, frequent, thin, adherent to the stem or descending along it, yellowish or whitish, brownish in old mushrooms, and brown when touched and with age. Spores are warty, light ocher. Spore powder, light ocher.

Similarity with other species. Euphorbia is confused with neutral milkweed (Lactarius quietus), which is conditionally edible and is much inferior to milkweed in taste. Neutral milky has a yellowish, not white, milky sap color, which does not change color in air and does not have a herring smell.

Cooking methods. A delicacy mushroom that is dried, fried, pickled, salted, but only young specimens.

Edible, 3rd category.

Polish mushroom (Boletus badius).

Polish mushrooms are widely represented in the forest zones of Russia. Often mushroom pickers classify them as boletus or porcini mushrooms. From the point of view of usefulness and taste, the difference is small. Polish mushrooms grow near forest paths, at the border of forest zones and at the border of trees and meadows.

Habitat: grows in coniferous and mixed forests, mainly on acidic soil, but there are at the base of trunks and stumps.

Season: July - September.

The cap is convex, 5-12 cm, but sometimes up to 18 cm. A distinctive feature of the species is the smooth, oily, leathery surface of the cap, chestnut brown, dark brown, brownish brown. The surface is sticky, slimy, especially in wet weather. The edge of the cap is even.

The leg is dense, cylindrical, or narrowed to the base, or slightly swollen, 5-10 cm high, 1-4 cm thick. The leg is smooth, light brown, without a mesh pattern, usually lighter than the cap.

The pulp is white or pale yellow, turns blue at the break. Brownish olive spore powder.

Tubular layer, adherent or almost free at maturity, lagging behind the stem. The surface of the tubular layer with pores of medium size is pale yellow or gray-yellow; when pressed, it gradually turns blue-green.

Variability: the cap becomes dry and velvety over time, and the color of the cap changes from brown to chocolate and dark brown. As the mushroom matures, the skin of the cap may shrink, exposing the surrounding tubules. The color of the stem varies from light brown and yellow-brown to reddish-brown.

There are no poisonous counterparts. The Polish mushroom is similar to the edible granular butter dish (Suillus granulatus), characterized by a sticky cap with a lighter yellow-orange tint.

The property of accumulating harmful substances: this species has the property of a strong accumulation of heavy metals, therefore, the conditions for collecting mushrooms should be strictly observed in an area not closer than 500 meters from highways and chemical enterprises.

Cooking methods: dried, canned, stewed, soups are prepared.

Edible, 2nd category.

Chestnut mushroom (Gyroporus kastaneus).

The chestnut mushroom is much less common than the Polish mushroom and is listed in the Red Book in a number of regions. They are also tubular and taste like young boletus. They also grow near forest paths, not far from spruce and birch roots.

Habitat: grows in deciduous deciduous and mixed forests, often on sandy soil next to oak trees. Mushrooms are listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and regional Red Data Books. Status - 3R (rare species).

Season: end of June - end of September.

The hat is convex 4-10 cm, has a smooth, velvety surface of orange-brown, chestnut, reddish-brown color. The edge of the cap is even. Over time, the cap becomes flat and the edges may rise upward.

The leg is cylindrical, light orange, 5-8 cm high, 1-3 cm thick. The leg is hollow inside.

The pulp is yellowish, with a pleasant nutty taste and smell.

Tubular layer, adherent or almost free at maturity, lagging behind the stem. The surface of the tubular layer with pores of medium size is pale yellow or gray-yellow; when pressed, it gradually turns blue-green.

Variability: the cap becomes dry and velvety over time, and the color of the cap changes from chestnut to dark brown. As the mushroom matures, the skin of the cap may shrink, exposing the surrounding tubules. The color of the stem varies from light brown and yellow-brown to reddish-brown.

There are no poisonous counterparts. The chestnut mushroom is similar to the Polish mushroom (Boletus badius), which has a smooth, oily cap, rather than a velvety one.

Cooking methods. Although the mushroom is edible, since it is listed in the Red Book, its collection is prohibited, and it needs protection.

Edible, 2nd category.

Bruise (Gyroporus cyanescens).

Mushroom bruises are starkly different from all the others. They quickly turn blue on a cut or break. This indicates a high content of iron compounds, which is useful for some patients. In the Central European part of Russia, they grow in fern glades next to mixed forests. They are very pleasant and tender to the taste.

Habitat: grows in mixed and deciduous forests. The bruise is listed in the regional Red Data Books, the status is 3R (rare species).

Season: June - October.

A hat with a diameter of 3-8 cm, but sometimes up to 10 cm, hemispherical. A distinctive feature of the species is a thin velvety soft surface, a yellow-pink or creamy-pink cap with cornflower-blue spots at the sites of damage.

The stem is thin, yellow, smooth, brittle, often with cavities, 4-9 cm high, 10-25 mm thick, the same color as the cap. The base of the leg is slightly thickened, and slightly pointed at the end.

The pulp is brittle, white-creamy with a nutty flavor. The second distinctive feature of the species is the cornflower blue or bluish color of the flesh on a cut or break.

The pores of the tubular layer are clearly visible. The tubules are adherent, descending, 0.3-1 cm high, yellow or olive-yellow in color with large angular pores of olive-green color.

The hymenophore is adherent, the color can be white or straw yellow.

Variability. The color can range from yellowish fawn to creamy pinkish.

There are no poisonous counterparts. Outwardly, the white oiler (Suillus placidus) is similar, which, although the color of the cap and legs is similar, but it does not appear blue or cornflower blue on a break or cut.

Cooking methods. Although the mushroom is edible and has a pleasant nutty taste, due to its rarity and inclusion in the Red Book, it is subject to protection and protection.

Edible, 3rd category.

Pepper Mushroom (Chalciporus piperatus).

Habitat: in dry coniferous and mixed forests. Forms mycorrhiza with deciduous species. Grows singly or in groups.

Season: July - October.

Hat 3-8 cm in diameter. A distinctive feature of the species is the copper-red or dark-rusty color of the cap. Its shape is round-convex, then convex-outstretched or almost flat. The surface is dry, slightly velvety. In wet weather, the cap is slimy, in dry, shiny.

The leg is 4-8 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm thick. It is smooth, cylindrical, solid, often curved and can be slightly narrowed from below. The second distinctive feature of the species is that the color of the leg is as unusual as that of the cap.

The pulp is friable, sulfur-yellow, when pressed, it acquires a bluish tint. The taste is very spicy, peppery, the smell is weak.

A tubular layer adhered to the pedicle and slightly runs down it. The tubes are the same color as the cap, and when touched they become dirty brown. The pores are uneven, large and angular. The spore powder is yellow-brown.

There are no poisonous counterparts. Pepper mushroom is similar in shape and color to the edible goat (Suillus bovines), which has a pinkish flesh, odorless and tasteless.

Edible conditionally, as they have a spicy peppery taste, which decreases when boiled in 2-3 waters, is used only for hot seasonings.

Gladysh, or common lactarius (Lactarius trivialis).

Habitat: moist deciduous and coniferous forests, most often grow in groups.

Season: August - October

The hat is 5-15 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 25 cm, fleshy, smooth, slimy, convex, with sharply turned down edges and with a depression in the center, later flat or funnel-shaped. A distinctive feature of the species is a sticky, lead-gray cap with a violet tint, later gray-yellow, reddish-brown, reddish-brown with barely noticeable concentric circles or without them.

Leg 6-9 cm long, 1-3 cm thick, dense, hollow, smooth, sticky, yellowish or of the same color with a cap.

The pulp is white or slightly creamy, very fragile, soft, turns yellow or turns brown in the air, with a very bitter white milky juice that smells like herring. Milky sap appears abundantly even with a slight incision of the fungus and quickly solidifies in the form of grayish-green droplets.

The plates are frequent, descending along the stem or adherent, yellowish or light yellow, eventually become pinkish-cream, then brownish with rusty spots.

Similar species. Gladysh is similar to the brown milky (Lactarius lignyotus). In which the cap is brownish-brown or yellowish-brown, the leg is light brown, dark brown. The flesh on the cut acquires a pinkish tint and there is no sharp herring smell.

Cooking methods: salting after pre-treatment by boiling or soaking; in salting become bright yellow.

Edible, 4th category.

The cobweb is yellow, or triumphal (Cortinarius triuphans).

The spiderweb family has the largest number of species. Among them, few are edible. So, yellow spider webs, or triumphal ones, growing in forest clearings in front of water bodies, are edible.

Habitat: conifers mixed with birch and oak forests, in bright places, in the grass, on the forest floor, grow in small groups or singly. A rare species, listed in the Red Book in a number of regions of Russia, status - 3R.

Season: August - October.

The hat has a diameter of 4-10 cm, sometimes up to 15 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex-outstretched. A distinctive feature of the species is a bright yellow-ocher or honey-yellow cap and a yellowish leg with large-scaled belts. There are remnants of a bedspread on the edges of the cap. The middle of the cap is darker, brown in color, and the edges, on the contrary, are lighter.

The leg has a height of 5-14 cm and a thickness of 1-2.5 cm, at first it is thick and tuberous with clearly visible membranous dark yellow or brownish bands, later cylindrical with a slight thickening, yellowish, from above with a clearly visible fibrous ring from the bedspread,and in the middle and near the base with several yellow ocher scarious and large scaly belts.

The pulp is light, creamy yellowish, dense, with a pleasant mushroom smell and a bitter taste.

The plates, adherent, frequent, wide, at first grayish with a bluish tint, later pale ocher and rusty ocher with a light edge.

Variability. The color of the cap varies from yellow ocher to brownish.

Similar species. The tasty edible cobweb is yellow, or triumphant, with the color of the cap similar to the inedible cobweb (Cortinarius anserinus), which has a characteristic plum scent.

Cooking methods. The most delicious mushrooms among cobwebs, they are boiled, canned, pre-boiled in 2 waters to eliminate bitterness.

Edible, 3rd category.

Common dung beetle (Coprinus cinereus).

Dung beetles differ from other mushrooms in their ability to quickly turn black. Most dung beetle species are edible, but only at a very young age when they are strong. Once harvested, they must be cooked within one to two hours. They are delicious and tender.

Medicinal properties:

• A substance was found in the dung beetle that causes strong unpleasant sensations when drinking alcohol. This substance is toxic, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. As a result, when drinking alcohol and dung beetles, poisoning, nausea, vomiting, increased and heavy heartbeat, reddening of the skin occur. These phenomena usually disappear over time. However, if you repeat drinking alcohol, then all the symptoms are repeated with even greater force. Dung beetles are used to treat alcoholism. For these purposes, young mushrooms are used.

Habitat: on manured soil, in gardens, parks, pastures, meadows, usually grows in groups.

Season: August - October.

The hat has a diameter of 2-6 cm, at first bell-shaped, later spread out. A distinctive feature of the species is the bell-ovoid shape of the cap of gray or gray-gray color with a brownish crown, and the surface is covered with a white felt bloom. The state of the mushroom changes dramatically over time: the edges crack and turn darker, the whole mushroom turns yellow and then darkens and spreads.

Leg 2-8 cm high, 2-6 mm thick, long, fibrous, whitish, hollow inside. The base of the stem is slightly thickened.

The pulp is white at first, later gray, tender, without a characteristic smell and taste.

The plates are frequent, free, at first white-gray, then yellow-gray, and finally completely black.

Variability. The color, shape and character of the cap change sharply, at first it is gray bell-shaped, later it is convex-prostrate, yellowish and at the end of development it is prostrate, yellow-brown, with cracks and darker edges.

Similar species. The common dung beetle is similar to the shimmering dung beetle (Coprinus micaceus), which differs in the color of the cap - with a pronounced yellowish-brown tint.

Edibility: only young mushrooms are edible, which can be stored for 2-3 hours, after which they are unusable.

Edible, 4th category.

Inedible August mushrooms

Row gray-brown, or argiraceum (Tricholoma argyraceum)

Most rows growing in August are inedible. Rows gray-brown grow on small elevations in mixed forests.

Habitat: deciduous and coniferous forests with pine and beech, grow in small groups or singly.

Season: July - November.

The hat has a diameter of 3 to 8 cm, at first strongly convex, later convex and convex-outstretched. A distinctive feature of the species is a scaly, radial-fibrous cap at the edges, similar to a gray-brown felt surface with a purple tint.

The leg is 3-7 cm high and 6-14 mm thick, cylindrical, often curved, dense, whitish at first, later creamy, yellowish at the base.

The pulp is tender, fragile, whitish with a faint odor.

The plates are of medium frequency, notched-attached or adherent to the peduncle, at first cream-colored, later cream-gray, sometimes with a purple tint.

Variability: the color of the cap varies from gray to gray-brown.

Similarity with other species. The gray-brown row is similar to the earthy row (Tricholoma terreum), which is distinguished by an evenly colored gray cap.

Inedible due to unpleasant taste.

Fly agaric

Amanita is white, or smelly (Amanita virosa).

Habitat: coniferous and deciduous forests, grow either in groups or singly.

Season: July - November.

Description of the species.

The hat has a diameter of 5-12 cm, at first hemispherical or bell-shaped, later convex. A distinctive feature of the species is a smooth shiny white or ivory cap and the same color of the plate regardless of age, as well as the presence of a wide white volva, immersed in the soil at the base. The hat is usually covered with the remains of the bedspread.

The leg is long, 6-20 cm high, 8-20 mm thick, white, with a mealy bloom. Only young specimens have a ring on a leg, then it disappears. The white volva in the ground has dimensions up to 3 cm, but it cannot be pulled out together with the mushroom.

Pulp: white, soft with an unpleasant odor, for which they called the species smelly.

The plates are loose, frequent, soft, white.

Variability. The color of the cap changes little - from pure white to ivory.

Similar species. You need to be especially careful when collecting good edible mushrooms - meadow mushrooms (Agaricus campestris), large spores (Agaricus macrosporus), field mushrooms (Agaricus arvensis). All these mushrooms at an early age have light plates with a slight yellowish or subtle pinkish tinge and light caps. At this age, they can be confused with the deadly poisonous fly agarics, white, or smelly. You should carefully sniff the mushrooms, since the fly agaric has an unpleasant smell, this is the main difference for a young age. In adulthood, in all these mushrooms, the plates acquire a color of light brown, pink, brownish, and in the fly agaric they remain white.

Deadly poisonous!

Amanita muscaria (Amanita citrina).

Habitat: coniferous and deciduous forests, on acidic soils, grow either in groups or singly.

Season: July - October.

Description of the species.

The cap has a diameter of 4-10 cm, at first spherical, later convex. A distinctive feature of the species is a yellowish-greenish cap with large light spots from scales, as well as a smooth stem with a large ring and a thickening at the base, surrounded by a volva. There are remnants of the bedspread at the edges.

The stem is long, 4-10 cm high, 7-20 mm thick, white or yellowish, with a mealy bloom. On the leg of the upper part there is a large, hanging ring of the same color as the cap, or whitish. Below, the leg is tuberous-widened and is located in a whitish volva.

Pulp: white, with the smell of raw potatoes.

The plates are loose, frequent, soft, white or yellowish.

Variability. The color of the cap changes little - from yellowish-green to greenish-bluish and to ivory.

Similar species. You need to be especially careful when collecting good edible mushrooms - meadow mushrooms (Agaricus campestris), large spores (Agaricus macrosporus), field mushrooms (Agaricus arvensis). All these mushrooms at an early age have light plates with a slight yellowish or slightly noticeable pinkish tinge and light caps.

At this age, they can be confused with the deadly poisonous fly agaric toadstool. You should carefully sniff the mushrooms, since the fly agaric smells of raw potatoes, this is the main difference for a young age. In adulthood, in all these mushrooms, the plates acquire a color of light brown, pink, brownish, and in the fly agaric they remain white.

Poisonous.

Mycena adonis, or purple (Mycena adonis).

The accumulation of mycene is a harbinger of the mushroom season. If there are a lot of them, if stumps are covered with them, then this is a clear sign that there will be a lot of good valuable mushrooms.These small, inedible and hallucinogenic mushrooms are very diverse. A thin stem and a thin cap are common features.

Habitat: in humid places, among moss, they grow in groups.

Season: July - October.

Description of the species.

The hat has a diameter of 1-1.5 cm, first bell-shaped, then convex. A distinctive feature of the species is a very lumpy cap in the center, red-brown, coral-pink, yellow-brown or purple, with a furrowed and striated lighter pinkish-cream edge.

The leg is thin, 4-7 cm high, 1-2 mm thick, cylindrical, smooth, has a white-cream color above, and brownish below.

The pulp is thin, light creamy.

The plates are of medium frequency, narrow, at first accrete, later notched-accrete, wide, whitish with a flesh tint, sometimes creamy pinkish.

Variability: the color of the cap in the middle ranges from pinkish brown to purple, and around the edges from cream to pinkish. The furrowed edge is lighter in color and bends over time.

Similar species. Mycena adonis is similar in shape to mycena Abramsii, which is distinguished by a lighter, yellowish-pink and larger cap.

Edibility: unpleasant odor is hardly mitigated by decoction in 2-3 waters, for this reason they are not eaten.

Inedible.

Spiny scales (Pholiota shaggy).

These August mushrooms are very widely represented in mixed forests. They are mostly inedible and grow on stumps and fallen trees, less often on the roots.

Habitat: on decaying trunks of deciduous trees, usually grow in groups.

Season: August - October.

Description of the species.

The hat has a diameter of 3-12 cm, at first it is convex, later it is convexly prostrate. A distinctive feature of the species is a light beige or light straw hat with sharp light brown thorns. The edges of the cap crack over time.

The leg is 3-10 cm high and 5-12 mm thick. The leg is at first white, later creamy, and at the base it is brownish with scales.

Pulp: first white, later light cream.

The plates are frequent, at first adherent and whitish, later notched and creamy with a pinkish tinge.

Variability. The color of the cap changes with growth from light beige to light brown.

Similar species. The spiny scale is similar to the fleecy scale, or common (Pholiota squarrosa), which is distinguished by the reddish-brown color of the cap.

Inedible.