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Despite the fact that mycology, as a branch of biology that studies fungi, originated in the middle of the 19th century, there are still many unanswered questions. So, it is still not clear whether the object of study itself belongs to the plant or animal world. It has not been proven whether fruiting bodies, which are considered poisonous, are so dangerous. It is not entirely clear how conditionally edible mushrooms can be used. There are many other unrevealed points about the origin of mushrooms and their use by humans.

Previously, it was believed that the history of the study of mushrooms originates in China and is more than two thousand years old. Recently, however, an event that became a sensation gained fame in European countries. In the Tyrolean Alps, a frozen man was found in a glacier, who was named Otsi. Using the radiocarbon method, it was possible to establish that this primitive inhabitant of our planet fell into ice captivity 5300 years ago. The most amazing thing about this find is that this primitive man turned out to be mushrooms. One of them was a white fly agaric, which could serve as an amulet for a person. Three other dried and frozen mushrooms contained an acid similar to an antibiotic in its therapeutic effect.

The categories of mushrooms and how to use them correctly are detailed in this article.

What are the categories of forest mushrooms

At first, mushrooms were attributed to plants, but in the 1990s and early 2000s, it was written a lot about the fact that mushrooms belong to the animal world. This is not surprising, since many of the properties are associated with animals. For example, the germ cells of fungi in the form of plasmodium during the breeding season can move at a speed of 5 mm per hour.

Mushrooms are divided into 4 categories in terms of nutritional value:

• 1st category - the most valuable and delicious forest species, giving excellent quality mushroom products (white, milk mushrooms, mushrooms, Caesar mushroom).
• 2nd category - good and quite valuable mushrooms of high, but not excellent quality (boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, champignons, volnushki, honey agarics).
• 3rd category - edible mushrooms of average quality and taste (mushrooms, russula, black milk mushrooms, chanterelles, valui),
• 4th category - low-value forest mushrooms (ryadovki, cobwebs, and others).

It should be noted that the categories of the main types of mushrooms are defined and approved in the "Sanitary rules for the procurement, processing and sale of mushrooms SP 2.3.4.009-93". Knowing which category the mushrooms belong to, you can plan how they will be used.

The next section of the article is devoted to how humans use mushrooms.

Culinary and medicinal uses of mushrooms

It is also surprising that the use of fresh forest mushrooms is possible all year round, including the winter period.

Mushrooms are an amazing natural phenomenon, their main purpose in human life is as follows:

• The culinary use of mushrooms for the preparation of tasty, healthy and affordable dishes (for a long time in Russia, during fasting, they ate milk mushrooms, chanterelles, honey agarics, mushrooms and boletus mushrooms).
• Cooking and treating gourmet meals used at feasts and at high-level meetings.
• Making medicinal and folk remedies, for example, from raincoats (for hemostatic purposes), etc.
• The use of mushrooms in medicine for the manufacture of medicines and pharmaceuticals on an industrial scale, for example, the creation of flammulin from winter mushrooms, which has anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects.
• Mushrooms are unique in the variety of their properties. These properties need to be comprehensively studied.There is an opinion of scientists that mushrooms contain all the necessary useful and medicinal substances for people, but only some of them have been fully studied. In recent years, interest in the medicinal properties of mushrooms has increased many times over. The reason for this lies in the discovery of a number of new properties and fungi that have anticancer and anti-infectious properties that can be used in the manufacture of drugs that help at any stage of the disease, for example, drugs based on birch chaga. However, there is another side. Eating all mushrooms indiscriminately led to poisoning, hallucinogenic manifestations and even death.
• Getting pleasure from mushroom hunting. Today, more than a million species of mushrooms are known, of which only 100 thousand have been studied. Nature seems to be telling us: study and use mushrooms comprehensively, but skillfully! The Japanese believe that if you eat 100 grams of honey mushrooms every day, then a person will never have any cancer. Mushrooms can heal, many useful medicines have been obtained from them, and even more remains to be investigated. They can be poisoned, but you can also be cured. Mushrooms are so diverse in their properties that it seems that they can be found in them to treat any disease, but this requires continued comprehensive research. One can argue or agree with the opinion of scientists about the properties of many species, but one thing is certain: the useful potential of mushrooms is enormous. This direction has a great future!

How a person can use forest mushrooms correctly

In terms of nutritional value and nutritional value, mushrooms are not inferior to meat, but their protein is difficult to digest and requires prolonged heat treatment and grinding. This applies to most species, but not all mushrooms. But the assimilation of macro- and microelements contained in them brings undoubted benefits, especially in winter. The presence of vitamins and essential amino acids, the deficiency of which has a heavy effect on the functioning of the body, in general, makes the use of mushrooms not only pleasant, but also useful.

Restrictions can be with exacerbation of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, removed gallbladder, chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis. You should always compare the sensations from the food you eat with the state of your internal environment and rationally approach your gastronomic hobbies. Then mushroom delicacies will be of great pleasure and benefit.

Heat treatment with any method of using mushrooms in cooking does not always make mushrooms safe to eat. So, thin pigs accumulate toxic substances. Of course, from a single use, a negative effect is not observed, but long-term - leads to a change in the composition of the blood and damage to liver cells. That is why slender pigs are classified as poisonous mushrooms.

The situation is similar with ordinary lines. The usual boiling for 15-20 minutes and draining the water allows them to be consumed once in a small amount. However, repeated use of them leads to negative effects on the stomach and the appearance of pain, therefore they are also poisonous.

The Russian people are inventive in cooking. The villagers pass the recipes down from generation to generation. The city dwellers add to the traditional recipes the restaurant experience of foreign cuisine, especially Italian and Japanese.