Mushrooms with a spiny hymenophore
On the surface of certain types of mushrooms, small thorns can be seen: as a rule, such prickly hymenophores are most often found in herders and raincoats. Most of these fruiting bodies are edible at a young age and can undergo any kind of culinary processing. If you collect thorny mushrooms in late autumn, then you can eat them only after long boiling.
Thorny mushrooms
Antennae hericum (Creolophus cirrhatus).
Family: Hericiaceae.
Season: end of June - end of September.
Growth: tiled groups.
Description:
The pulp is cotton-like, watery, yellowish.
The fruit body is round, fan-shaped. The surface is hard, rough, with ingrown villi, light. The hymenophore consists of dense, soft, conical light spines about 0.5 cm long.
The edge of the cap is rolled up or down.
Edible at a young age.
Ecology and distribution:
This thorny mushroom grows on dead hardwood (aspen), deciduous and mixed forests, parks. It is rare.
Coral Hericium (Hericium coralloides).
Family: Hericiaceae
Season: early July - late September
Growth: singly
Description:
The fruit body is branched-bushy, coral-shaped, white or yellowish. Older specimens growing on a vertical surface have branches and thorns hanging down.
The pulp is firm, slightly rubbery, with a slight pleasant taste and smell. Young mushrooms can grow in all directions at once.
The prickly hymenophore is scattered over the entire surface of the fruiting body. Spines up to 2 cm long, thin, brittle.
It is considered an edible mushroom, but due to its rarity it should not be harvested.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows on stumps and valezh of deciduous species (aspen, oak, more often birch). It is rare. Listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Yellow Hericium (Hydnum repandum).
Family: Hericium (Hydnaceae).
Season: end of July - September.
Growth: singly or in large dense groups, sometimes in rows and circles.
Description:
The leg is solid, light, yellowish.
The cap is convex, convex-concave, wavy, uneven, dry, light yellow tones.
The pulp is dense, fragile, light, hardens with age and slightly bitter. The hymenophore of thick light creamy spines slightly descends on the leg
Young mushrooms are suitable for all types of processing, mature mushrooms require preliminary boiling so that they lose their hardness and bitter taste.
Ecology and distribution:
Grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, in grass or moss. Prefers calcareous soils.
Gelatinous pseudo-beetle (Pseudohydnum gelatinosum).
Family: Exidia (Exidiaceae).
Season: August - November.
Growth: singly and in groups.
Description:
The stalk is expressed only in fungi growing on a horizontal surface. The hymenophore consists of soft short grayish translucent spines.
Fruit bodies are spoon-shaped, fan-shaped or lingual. The surface of the cap is smooth or velvety, grayish, darkens with age.
The pulp is gelatinous, soft, translucent, with a fresh smell and taste.
The mushroom is considered edible, but due to its rarity and low culinary qualities, it is practically not harvested.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows on rotting, sometimes wet, stumps and trunks of various coniferous and (less often) deciduous trees in various types of forests.
Mushrooms raincoats with thorns
Black puffball (Lycoperdon echinatum).
Family: Raincoats (Lycoperdaceae).
Season: July - September.
Growth: singly and in small groups.
Description:
The fruiting body is pear-shaped with a short stalk.
The surface is covered with long (up to 5 mm) sharp, curved cream thorns, darkening with time to yellow-brown. With age, the mushroom becomes naked, the flesh of young with a mesh pattern.
The flesh of young mushrooms is light, white, with a pleasant smell, later darkens to brownish-purple.
The mushroom is edible at a young age.
Ecology and distribution:
Grows on soil and litter in deciduous and spruce forests, in shady places. Prefers calcareous soils. It is rare.
Thorny raincoat (Lycoperdon perlatum).
Family: Raincoats (Lycoperdaceae).
Season: mid-May - October.
Growth: singly and in groups.
Description:
The pulp is initially white, firm, with a faint pleasant odor; as it ripens, it turns yellow and becomes flabby.
The fruit body is hemispherical, as a rule, with a noticeable "pseudopod."
In the upper part, a characteristic tubercle is often distinguished.
Young mushrooms with white pulp are edible. They are used fresh and fried.
Ecology and distribution:
Grows in coniferous and mixed forests, on forest edges, less often in meadows.
Pear-shaped raincoat (Lycoperdon pyriforme).
Family: Raincoats (Lycoperdaceae).
Season: end of July - October.
Growth: in large dense groups.
Description:
In adult mushrooms, the surface is smooth, often coarse, brownish. The skin is thick, in adult mushrooms it is easily "peeling".
The pulp with a pleasant mushroom odor and weak taste, in youth is white, wadded, gradually turns red. The fruit body is almost round in the upper part. The surface of young mushrooms is white, prickly.
The false pedicle is short, tapering downward, with a root process.
Young mushrooms with white pulp are edible. Used boiled and fried.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows on rotten deciduous wood, less often conifers, on the basis of trees and mossy stumps.
