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There are many varieties of mushrooms that you can grow on your own plot. The list of the most popular includes champignons, shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and honey mushrooms. Also, the technology of cultivation of morels, ringlets, flammulin and even black truffles has been quite well developed. For some, an intensive method is used, and the cultivation of other fruiting bodies is possible only in an extensive way.

Today, there are about 10 species of edible artificially grown mushrooms, and about 10 more are at the stage of studying and developing the optimal cultivation technology.

What mushrooms can be grown in the country, and in what ways to do it, is described in detail in this material.

How to grow shiitake mushroom mycelium in the country

The oldest known cultivated mushroom that is grown under artificial conditions is shiitake ("black forest mushroom"), which began to grow on wood in Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan 2000 years ago (according to another version, in 1000-1100 .). In nature, this wood-destroying mushroom can still be found in China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines on trees such as oak, hornbeam, beech. The volume of industrial cultivation of mushrooms is increasing every year.

This mushroom has been an important agricultural export in Japan for several decades. It is this country that is the leader in the production of shiitake. They are dried and sent to France, Germany, USA, Great Britain, where the delicious mushroom is in great demand. In Europe and America, research is also being carried out and experiments are being carried out on the cultivation of this mushroom.

Before growing the mycelium of shiitake mushrooms in the country, you need to take a felled deciduous tree and saw it in half lengthwise. The halves are placed obliquely and mycelium is planted on them, which "colonizes" the wood. If there is enough moisture (rain and watering), then fruiting bodies are formed on the wood after 2 years. In total, the duration of mushroom picking is 6 years, while about 240 kg of fresh mushrooms are harvested from 1 m2 of wood.

For the successful cultivation of these mushrooms in the garden, it is necessary to provide a temperature in the range of 12-20 ° C and high humidity. Using modern technology, this is not difficult to achieve.

In order to grow the crop of shiitake mushrooms in artificial conditions as abundant as possible, you need to organize an outdoor plantation in a shaded place. There are also encouraging results from the cultivation of these fruiting bodies in greenhouses. Of course, the use of a special room increases the cost of production, but the process does not depend on weather conditions and ensures a stable harvest.

Next, you will find out what other mushrooms are grown artificially.

Growing flammulin mushrooms on a personal plot

In Japan and some Asian countries, the industrial cultivation of wood-destroying velvety-footed flammulina is popular. This is done by specialized farms for the cultivation of the mushroom, which is also called winter honey.

For its cultivation, an intensive method is used and only a closed room, since flammulina is capable of developing as a parasite on living plants, and therefore its open cultivation can be dangerous for gardens, parks and forests.

The conditions under which these mushrooms can be grown was known already in 800-900. At first, flammulina, like shiitake, was bred on wood.And how to grow these mushrooms in the garden in modern conditions? Now they use glass or plastic jars for this, where the substrate is placed, which is a mixture of sawdust and straw with mineral additives. All processes, from mixing the substrate to planting mycelium in it, are mechanized.

Banks are installed in special thermostatic rooms with adjustable temperature, air humidity, degree of illumination. The rather long legs of the fruit bodies peeking out of the jar are cut off, and soon new mushrooms appear in their place.

Experiments on the cultivation of flammulin are carried out in Europe. Local mushroom growers have found that the best substrate for this mushroom is a mixture of 70% sawdust and 30% rice bran. In the presence of such a substrate and other necessary conditions, the crop is harvested 2-3 weeks after planting the mycelium.

Watch the video on how to grow shiitake mushrooms on the site:

How to grow volvariella mushrooms in a summer cottage

Other mushrooms that are grown in Asian countries are volvariels, also called straw mushrooms or herbal mushrooms. However, they are more like fly agaric and float mushrooms. They began to breed them almost at the same time as the champignons, i.e. around 1700, most likely in China

At the moment, in the countries of the Far East and Southeast Asia, volvariella is actively grown in open ground on ridges of rice straw. The most optimal combination of temperature and humidity for cultivating this mushroom is 28 ° C and 80% humidity. In the straw bed itself, the temperature should vary from 32 to 40 ° C.

In terms of production volume and popularity, of course, the leader is champignon (double-stemmed champignon), which began to be grown in France around 1600, in connection with which the mushroom was called French champignon for a long time.

Under natural conditions, almost all of the above mushrooms live on wood. Among the grass on the ground, you can see only volvariella, and the mushroom lives on rotted manure or humus.

In tropical and subtropical countries, the mushroom can be grown outdoors, which to some extent reduces its cost. In temperate climates, the herbal mushroom is cultivated indoors, which entails significant costs, so in these areas the cultivation of volvariella is not very common. A good solution for growing these mushrooms in the country is the use of greenhouses. For example, in the summer cottage, vegetables are not grown in greenhouses, so a thermophilic straw mushroom may well take their place.

Quite good results have been obtained when growing mushrooms in backyard plots using a substrate of ground corn cobs. Sometimes it is possible to get up to 160 kg from 1 m2 per year.

By its structure and taste, volvariella is a very delicate mushroom. A signal of maturity is when it reaches a weight of 30-50 g. As a rule, it is eaten fresh, and because of its delicate consistency, the herbal champignon cannot be transported.

In other countries, especially in Asia, volvariella has been cultivated for a long time, and in Russia this has come about quite recently.

Growing truffle mushrooms in the garden

The first of the cultivated mushrooms were precisely wood-destroying ones, since it is from them among all the caps that it is easiest to get fruit bodies. In humic and mycorrhizal fungi, with their complex relationship with vegetation, this is more difficult to do.

Mycorrhizal fungi have been studied for more than a century, but it has not yet been possible to develop reliable methods for their cultivation, so you have to copy nature and, having dug a mycorrhizal fungus in the forest, transfer it under a tree in the forest or in your garden plot, you can also simply sow spores.

The only more or less studied mycorrhizal fungus is the black truffle, which has been widespread in France since the middle of the 18th century.It was even named a French, or Perigord, truffle after the respective province where the main plantations were located. Then the French truffle in small quantities began to be bred in the south of Germany.

The mushroom is characterized by a strong, persistent and pleasant odor and delicate taste, which is why it is very highly valued.

At the moment, the mushroom is quite justifiably considered a valuable delicacy, the cost of which is very high on the world market.

The fruit bodies of the black truffle are underground and, as a rule, are located at a depth of 2-5 cm, the shape is round, the surface is uneven with depressions and bulges, the color is brownish-black, it is about the size of a walnut or a small apple. Its main producer is traditionally France.

Is it possible to grow these mushrooms on your site? For true fans of their craft, nothing is impossible! The mechanism of truffle cultivation has hardly changed over two centuries. As then, now natural or artificially planted oak and beech groves are used for this, since it is with these trees that the truffle willingly enters into symbiosis and forms mycorrhiza.

The black truffle distribution area is limited to France, Italy and Switzerland. Other species grow in Russia, but they are much inferior to him in taste, so breeding it on the territory of the country is not common. In addition, he needs a special crushed stone soil with a high lime content, as well as strictly defined temperature conditions and appropriate air humidity.

Truffle cultivation techniques are shown in these photos:

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country (with video)

It can be seen that almost all types of edible mushrooms grown on wood began to be cultivated in the countries of the Far East and Southeast Asia. An exception is the traditional wood-destroying mushroom called oyster mushroom, which began to be cultivated in Germany at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Recently, this mushroom has become widespread in Europe, Asia and America.

Oyster mushroom is a valuable edible mushroom, which is much easier to cultivate than champignons. Moreover, both in taste and in appearance, the oyster mushroom is similar to the shiitake, only the color of the cap of the latter is dark brown, and the stem is central and, as a rule, is more pronounced than the lateral oyster mushroom.

The oyster mushroom culture is characterized by high yield in the open field and excellent taste, therefore it is justly loved among amateur mushroom growers.

When cultivating oyster mushrooms, an extensive method is used.

Details on how to grow oyster mushrooms in the country are described in this video:

Growing morel mushrooms and honey agarics at their summer cottage

Speaking about what kind of mushrooms can be grown in the country, one cannot fail to mention morels and mushrooms.

In the forests and apple orchards of France and Germany since the middle of the 19th century. in small quantities began to breed morels, among which the most common morel is conical.

Mushroom pickers are familiar with this mushroom. In spring, a morel with a pointed elongated cone-shaped brown-brown cap grows in meadows and along forest roads. Its closest relative is the morel (edible) with a round cap. Currently, there are two main ways of cultivating morels - edible and conical.

The first books on how to grow mushrooms on a site were written in the USSR back in the 30s of the last century. And in the 40s. the cultivation of this mushroom on pieces of wood was started in Germany. A few decades later, they also developed a method of growing a mushroom using mycelium prepared in the form of a paste.

The study of honey fungus and methods of its cultivation in summer cottages is also carried out in Russia.

Growing ring mushrooms in the country

Ringworm can be called the youngest of the cultivated mushrooms, since the technology of its cultivation appeared in Germany in 1969, and it gained the greatest popularity in Poland, Hungary and Great Britain. However, in other countries, mushroom growers are keenly interested in how to grow these mushrooms in their summer cottage. It is quite simple to cultivate ringworms, they have enough substrate from straw or other agricultural waste, which is quite easy to prepare.

The mushroom has high taste, it can be stored and transported for a long time. Ringworm is very promising in terms of cultivation and is capable of competing in popularity with champignon or even surpassing it, but attempts to cultivate this mushroom in Russia have begun recently.

Summing up a brief excursion into the varieties of cultivated mushrooms, it should be noted that local customs play a significant role in their distribution. However, by the end of the 20th century, a situation began to emerge when various mushroom cultures crossed the borders of their homeland and became truly "cosmopolitan". This is largely due to globalization and the intensive development of communications and information exchange capabilities between different countries. For example, oyster mushroom from Europe has spread widely across Asia and America. Volvariella will undoubtedly conquer the hearts of mushroom growers far beyond Asia in the near future.

To grow mushrooms in the country, start with those species that are easy to cultivate: oyster mushrooms and champignons. If your experience is successful, you can try breeding more fastidious mushrooms.

Tips for growing mushrooms from mycelium in the garden

Below are tips for novice mushroom growers on growing Mushrooms from mycelium in the garden.

1. To prepare raw materials (for steaming, soaking), you need a container and, possibly, more than one. For this, a traditional city bath is quite suitable, from which it is very easy to organize the drainage of water, the temperature of which it retains quite well.
2. For growing mushrooms on the site, steaming and soaking raw materials for the substrate is conveniently done using woven water-permeable bags (you can from under sugar, only first you need to remove the plastic bag that is inside). The bags are filled with dry chopped straw, placed in a bath and filled with hot water.
3. It is best to heat water for steaming in another container, for example, in a bucket or tank using a boiler, on a stove, in a column, or on a stove. Then hot water is poured into a bath with bags laid out there, covered with a thick film and left for 8-12 hours.
4. Before sowing the substrate with mycelium (inoculation), it is advisable to grind it thoroughly to individual grains. In this case, there will be more foci of overgrowth. This work is carried out with disinfected rubber gloves. The mycelium should be removed from the refrigerator 6-10 hours before handling it.
5. It is necessary to fill the bags with the substrate, tamping it very tightly, since excess air and free spaces will prevent the overgrowing process.

Look at the photo of how to fill the bags to grow mushrooms:

• Slots in the bags can be made at the end of an overgrowth to reduce the likelihood of drying out of the substrate in their area, as well as infestation.
• Place the bags with the sown substrate in the room so that you can freely pass between them. In this case, you need to try to organize uniform lighting and ventilation.
• You need to humidify the air, bags, etc., but not the mushrooms themselves, as this can cause infection with a variety of bacterial rot.
• When collecting mushrooms, it is necessary to take into account their shape. Mushrooms can lean horizontally and should be cut off first, as they will no longer develop and may throw out spores.
• If mushrooms are grown for sale, it is important to inquire in advance about the possibility of marketing, cost.
• While growing mushrooms may sound simple in words, it is not a good idea to start a plantation right away. First you need to try to cultivate at least a couple of mushrooms.
• If the volumes of mushrooms produced are not very large, then certificates and other documents are not needed for their implementation, therefore it is possible to sell the surplus of the personal plot.
• To get the most out of your mushroom growing efforts, it is recommended that you prioritize your own observations in each case, which are likely to differ to some extent from theory.
• Those who cultivate mushrooms for sale indirectly, but through dealers, as a rule, receive less than those who only sell them. In this connection, this advice can be given: try to combine both the manufacturer and the seller in your person.
• Collaborate with other mushroom growers. This will not only mutually enrich the mushroom-growing experience, but will also help, if necessary, to fulfill an order for a large batch of mushrooms. In general, cooperation is very beneficial.

The basics of growing mushrooms in the country are described in this video: