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Mushroom mold is the most common disease that mushroom growers face when breeding mushrooms and oyster mushrooms. Unfortunately, there are no effective ways to combat mold of fresh mushrooms, and crop protection lies in the timely implementation of preventive measures. The main types of mold are green, yellow, yellow-green, confetti, carmine, spiderweb and olive. On what to do in order to prevent the appearance of mold on mushrooms during cultivation, it is described in detail on this page.

Why does green mold appear on mushrooms?

Green moldusually affects mushrooms grown in large premises. The reason why green mold appears on mushrooms is various types of skae-yutsht, they are quite widespread in nature and appear in the substrate together with the starting materials. They also, along with other microorganisms, are involved in fermentation. This pathogen does not suffer at high temperatures. In this case, the rest of the microorganisms die, the fungus begins to develop even faster, without encountering any obstacles and competitors. The mycelium of this fungus is a thin hyphae that permeates the entire substrate and gives it the smell of cellar and mold. The mushroom mycelium is not able to develop in such conditions, since it does not find nutrients. He dies very quickly. And the parasite fungus develops spores. As a result, buds of light green, olive green, black colors appear on the substrate. The spore plants of the fungus are filled with green spores. In addition, ammonia in the substrate and the lack of fresh air only stimulate the development of this fungus. If the chicken manure is unevenly mixed in the original mixture, then this also sometimes becomes the cause of green mold.

What fungi infected with green mold look like is shown in the photo:

Green mold can only be prevented. For this, the starting material for substrates should be taken only in the appropriate dosage and composted correctly. The process of pasteurization itself must be constantly monitored, avoiding in any case overheating.

It is permissible to shake up the diseased substrate again. As a result, you can get a low yield. Before such manipulation, the substrate is usually sprinkled with superphosphate powder.

Brown and yellow mold on oyster mushrooms and mushrooms

Brown mold often infects oyster mushrooms and champignons. Its causative agent is a moldy saprophytic fungus. Mold can appear on the substrate before or after the coating is applied. At first, the mold is white and fluffy, and then it becomes brownish-gray, in the form of a plaque. If you pat it with your hand or water it, then dust rises from the spots. When the mushroom mycelium grows in the casing material, the fungus mold disappears.

This disease can only be prevented; there are no cures for it. As a preventive measure, the covering material should be treated with a foundation. Also, don't compost on the ground.

Yellow mold also often affects mushrooms. It is caused by the parasitic fungus Myceliophtora lutea; this pathogen is one of the most dangerous for mushrooms. Such a mushroom can be found in nature - it parasitizes on the wild-growing mycelium of various mushrooms. And in the substrate, it develops only if the mushroom mycelium is also there. A whitish mycelium appears at the interface between the casing material and the substrate. After that, spores form and the affected areas turn yellow. The substrate itself begins to smell like copper oxide, or carbide.The spores of the fungus are quite resistant to high temperatures, they do not die during pasteurization and can be transferred with soil contaminated with the substrate, through the hands of people and tools.

For preventive purposes, sanitary requirements should be strictly observed, and properly composted. If the substrate is infected, then weekly everything should be sprayed around the mushroom with a 4% formalin solution. And after each interruption, it is required to spray the piles with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. The contaminated substrate is also treated with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and only then taken to a landfill. This substrate cannot be used as an organic fertilizer. All production areas should be steam treated at 72 ° C for 12 hours after each crop rotation.

What to do if confetti mold appears on mushrooms

Yellow mold confetti Is a disease other than common yellow mold. It is caused by another type of parasitic fungus. Whitish mycelium forms in the substrate in the form of scattered spots. They turn yellow a little later and become yellow-brown in color. In the middle, mushroom tissue is even capable of forming.

Developing simultaneously with the mushroom mycelium, this parasite gradually begins to prevail over it. The spots can be clearly seen through the bag. They are even easy to check by pouring the substrate out of the bag onto paper and dividing it into horizontal layers. The mold usually has a different color than that of the mushroom mycelium - it is always grayish-silver. Developing, the disease has a depressing effect on the fruiting of the mushroom. It first slows down, then finally stops.

The greatest development of mold occurs on the 50-60th days after sowing the mycelium. Therefore, the later the fruiting occurs in the mushroom, the more losses will be.

The spores of this moldy parasitic fungus die at temperatures of 60 ° C and above. More often the disease spreads through the substrate, sometimes it can also be found on the soil. Infection can get into the substrate when it is unloaded from the chamber. Spores are brought by the wind along with dust from neighboring mushrooms or from waste substrate. Soil material can also become infected. Spores are carried along with clothes and shoes, with tools, ticks, mice, mushroom flies, etc.

To prevent infection, it is necessary to comply with sanitary requirements both in the mushroom house itself and in the adjacent territory. Composting should not be done on an earthen floor. The substrate must be properly pasteurized for 12 hours at 60 ° C. It is preferable to use bags made of plastic film, which will reduce the risk of spreading infection when laying out mushrooms. In addition, all measures should be strictly followed (preparation of the selection substrate, rapid germination of the mycelium, mixing it with the pasteurized substrate, etc.), which accelerate the growth of the mycelium and fruit formation. This will help reduce the risk of crop loss.

If the mushrooms are still covered with mold, then the trimmings of the legs and the covering material adhering to them must not be scattered. They must be collected in plastic film bags and put into a pit specially prepared for this. This waste must be watered every day with a solution of copper sulfate. The hole needs to be covered with earth. The entire room in which the mushroom is packed must be washed and disinfected every day with a solution of copper sulfate. All ventilation openings should be covered with nets. Before and after working in the mushroom maker, you should wash all working tools, wash work clothes, wash and disinfect shoes with a solution of copper sulfate, wash your hands with soap.

The main measures to combat fungal mold are preventive. First of all, it is necessary to remove all sources of infection at all stages of mushroom cultivation.

To prevent mold from appearing on the mushrooms, it is required to spray the entire area in the champignon bowl once a week with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. The used substrate must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate before removing it from the mushroom. It can be used as an organic fertilizer only where there are no mushrooms. Production areas should also be steamed together with the substrate.

Yellow-green mushroom mold

Yellow-green mold the substrate in mushrooms is often affected. Mushrooms become weak, gray in color; the mycelium gradually dies off. In its place, moldy fungi with yellow-green spores and whitish mycelium are formed. It has a characteristic mildew odor and appears to be viscous. This disease is caused by several different molds. They are capable of developing at the same time, and it is rather difficult to isolate them. This type of mold is common in nature. It enters the substrate together with the starting materials and, along with other microorganisms, participates in composting. Yellow-green mold begins to develop at 45 ° C. It dies completely with good pasteurization. If pasteurization is performed in bad faith, and the substrate itself is of poor quality, then the mold rather quickly infects the mushroom mycelium in the early stages of development. The infection is able to penetrate into a high-quality substrate. Sources of infection can be contaminated waste substrate, which was scattered near the mushroom and composting area, wind and dust, shoes, tools. It's too late to think about what to do when the mushrooms are already covered with mold. If the infection is introduced at a relatively late time, when the mycelium is fully formed and fruit formation has begun, then the risk of crop loss is slightly reduced.

To prevent this disease, you must always follow all the hygiene rules on the compost site. Long-standing bird droppings should not be used. Composting should be carried out adhering to all requirements and placing it in the area of ​​the piles. The substrate must always be heat treated. In addition, it needs to be moistened immediately after the mushroom is removed from it. It is undesirable to clean it on windy days. The spent substrate must be taken out in plastic bags. Wash the mushroom regularly and disinfect it with fungicides.

Other types of mold fungi

Carmine mold caused by the fungus Sporendomena purpurescens Bon. It appears during fruiting in the form of white puffs or a cover of mycelium between lumps of covering material. The mycelium of this mold develops very quickly and covers the entire layer of the casing material. Does not absorb water during irrigation. In champignon, fruiting first decreases, then stops altogether. The mycelium of the mold turns yellow, later becomes cherry red and sporulation begins. This mushroom is very fond of nitrogen and develops in a substrate rich in it. If the temperature of the substrate becomes 10–18 ° C, then the growth of the mold fungus increases, while the development of the cultivated fungus, on the contrary, slows down.

To prevent this disease, a substrate that is supersaturated with nitrogen and waterlogged should be avoided. Nitrogen fertilizers must be applied very carefully. During the heat treatment of the substrate, there must certainly be an inflow of fresh air. Ammonia is obliged to be completely free in this case. The substrate temperature should also always be optimal for the cultivated fungus.

Spiderweb and olive mold Are the most common diseases of oyster mushrooms. They appear on the substrate and inhibit mycelium growth and fruit formation. The easiest and most effective way to combat these diseases is salt. It is usually sprinkled with infected areas. The salt prevents the disease from spreading further.